From PSYC 209 – 1638
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Read: Qualitative article – Grandmother and healthcare professional breastfeeding perspectives
Write: Your article summary, following the Article Summary Guidelines
Ask: 3 Critical Questions
Bloom’s Taxonomy for Developing Questions
Analysis
Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations.
Key Words
Analyze Contrast Function Simplify
Assumption Discover Inference Survey
Categorize Dissect Inspect Take part in
Classify Distinguish List Test for
Compare Divide Motive Theme
Conclusion Examine Relationships
Questions
How is ____ related to ….?
Why do you think …?
What motive is there …?
What inference can you make…?
What is the function of …?
How would you classify…?
What ideas justify…?
Evaluation
Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas or quality of work based on a set of criteria.
Key Words
Agree Decide Importance Prioritize
Appraise Deduct Influence Prove
Assess Defend Interpret Rate
Award Determine Judge Recommend
Choose Disprove Justify Rule on
Compare Dispute Mark Select
Conclude Estimate Measure Support
Criteria Evaluate Opinion Value
Criticize Explain Perceive
Questions
How would you prove…? disprove…?
Can you assess the value or importance of …?
Would it be better if…?
What would you recommend …?
How would you rate the …?
How could you determine…?
How would you prioritize…?
How would you justify…?
How would you compare the ideas…? people…?
Synthesis/Create
Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.
Key Words
Adapt Discuss Original
Build Elaborate Originate
Change Estimate Plan
Choose Formulate Predict
Combine Happen Propose
Compile Imagine Solution
Compose Improve Solve
Construct Invent Suppose
Create Make up Test
Delete Maximize Theorize
Design Minimize
Develop Modify
Questions
What changes would you make to solve…?
How would you improve …?
Can you elaborate on the reason…?
Can you propose an alternative …?
How would you adapt _____ to create a different …?
How would you estimate the results for …?
Reply: To 1 groupmate’s critical question. You must provide support to your answer by citing a source using APA style.
Article Summary & 3 Critical Question Guidelines
Purpose: This assignment acquaints you with reading a scientific article and with scientific writing. Being able to read and properly summarize scientific articles will help you when you write papers, research proposals, and lab reports in other psychology classes.
SECTION A: WHAT YOU NEED AND WHERE TO GET IT
1. The Research Articles to use for this Homework Assignment
· You can find these articles on Canvas. It is posted in the weekly Module under READ as well as in the assignment body.
2. Information on Scientific Style and How to Write a Summary
· The Psychology Writing Center
· (Links to an external site.)
· at University of Washington has several downloadable PDFs, including this one about summarizing a research article
· (Links to an external site.) https://psych.uw.edu/storage/writing_center/summarizing.pdf
· .
· APA formatting help can be found in this SCC Library guide
· Actions
· or from OWL At Purdue
· (Links to an external site.)
·
SECTION B: IF YOU NEED HELP
Bruce McKenna Writing Center at SCC
· Writing Center staff can discuss APA style, help you organize your ideas, and give you feedback on the clarity of your rough draft and citations. During campus closure, the writing center will be providing writing assistance via email. Students can send their essay drafts with instructions attached to MiSun.Bishop@seattlecolleges.edu
· Students should allow roughly 1-3 business days for a response, depending on different traffic times throughout the quarter.
My Virtual Office Hours: Let’s set up a time to chat through Canvas or video call on Zoom to discuss your draft!
SECTION C: PROCEDURE FOR WRITING YOUR SUMMARY
1. Read the article. Identify key points: the research topic, purpose and hypotheses (if any), what was done, the results, and how the researchers interpreted the results. Highlighting or underlining these points as you read will help you find them more easily when you write. Here are my tips for making your way through a science journal article:
· Read the abstract. This is a 150-ish word summary of the whole paper. Every single sentence in an abstract is informative.
· Read the introduction. This is the beginning of the paper. In the introduction, authors discuss the theory behind their research, previous research findings, and their hypotheses. The intro might have subheadings. Read this introduction section thoroughly.
· Read the methods section paying particular attention to the participants and procedure sections.
· Just skim the results section. Unless you have already taken a statistics course, you probably don’t want to read things like t(2, 67) = 4.68, p<.05.
· Read the discussion section thoroughly.This is where the authors will tell you in English what they learned from their study.
2. Write the summary. The summary should be a condensed version of the article, not an abstract (abstracts are more concise). Avoid “lifting” sentences from the article. Use your own words. You will lose points for using quotes. MAKE SURE that you properly cite the authors of the assigned article using APA citation style at least once within your summary (SEE EXAMPLES AT THE END OF THIS HANDOUT).
· Your summary should be 1 page to 1.5 pages in length (no more, no less), DOUBLE-SPACED, Font Size 12. Margins should be 1.25″ at the top, bottom, left and right.
4. Try to follow these General Length Guidelines, within the overall 1 to 1.5 page limit:
Approximate number of sentences per topic:
· 2-4: Background (Describe the context for the study.)
· 1-2: Specific purpose(s) of the study
· 4-7: Method (Who and how many participated? What variables were examined? What was the research design – in other words, what “conditions” or “groups” were compared, if any? What was the procedure—what did the participants and researchers do?
· 2-5: Results (Describe the key findings.)
· 2-4 Discussion (According to the authors…. What do the results mean? What are the implications of the findings? What are the limitations of the study? What are future directions for this research topic?)
5. Write 3 critical questions about the article that your classmates will answer. These questions should not be merely fact-based or for clarity on the research paper. They should spur discussion and deeper thought. Use “Bloom’s Taxonomy for Developing Questions” for assistance.