The Invention of the Beautiful Game

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL: ETHICAL APPROVAL FORM

(printed red version is for reference only, please complete electronically and print out to give to your tutor for signatures)

Student Name and Tutor IBRAHIMA COULIBALY/ SIMON ROBINSON

Location of research

Outline of proposed research project

Working title. Why is the number of ethnic managers within professional European limited?

low. ?

Rationale

Provide a brief rationale for your project – Who (authors/organisations argue this focus is important/needed and why.

It is evident that the minority ethnicities in the Europe have the least representation in the football. The society is still held back on how to treat and respond to the minorities that include the blacks as taking charge of the sports clubs. It is evident that the black players despite being English they still did not receive the same appreciation and treatment in the field as the other players. It is important to understand that the society is still tied back on how to respond and interact with the players and coaches from the African ancestry (Bozeman & Fay, 2013). It is a major challenge in the society because there is some evolution in the way that people interact and even the global and social change that has helped prove that there is no difference besides the colour of the skin or hair. However, the concept is sunken deep in the people and the society to the extent that they cannot open up and embrace a manager from the less ethnic communities. Some people still believe that they are superior over the other minority races that change the way that they do interact and make sure that they do stay ahead of the competition. Some of the Europeans tend to seclude themselves with the concept that the other minor ethnicities came to the country to steal or exhaust their resources thus it is up to them to make sure that they do not get to their resources. The move is a major change in the society because it leads to the social disintegration especially

where they cannot interact or share the same resources that have changed the entire setup of the society.

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It is evident that out of 552 positions of senior managers across the four leagues in England only 19 are off Black and Minority Ethnic that is a major source of concern. It is a challenge for the society to maintain this position of selective negativity towards a selective ethnic group especially because they do celebrate and applaud them when they do win or when they were previous players scoring goals. The society in the previous decade was cruel when they would throw some plastics and other items at the players from the minority ethnicities which is not appropriate. The society is changing and evolving but still some groups of people are tied and still holding on to the hatred that they have no connection and they do pass the same notion to the children and the next generation (Greenfield & Osborn, 2018). The children from some families across Europe grow up with the understanding that the less communities are not up to par with their demands that changes the way that they do interact. It is important to make changes that would change because the same hatred in the field and on the benches turn to the hatred out on the streets, in the learning institutions and in their homes. The move leads to seclusion which is not appropriate since they do not have the proper measures to help make sure that they do not have the proper interactions.

It is evident that the field of professional football has millions of fans both in the local communities and on the international level helping sell and portray the image of the entire country to the world. The country uses football as a brand image for the country and thus when the fans spot other fans torturing one of their players even when he is performing well and instead, they do not cheer but jeer becomes a major negative perception of the society. The football management in the country should change the rules and make sure that they do improve on the way that they do not change and influence with others. Organisations in a social setup should be socially impressionable in the society with the basis that would help improve their interactions and their responsibilities in the society (Crabbe, 2016). The sports teams might be causing more harm than good when they do increase the rates of ethnicity sidelines and divisions in the country. There have been some successful names of players in the country’s leagues and even nations team from the minority communities but

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the society does not treat or embrace them in the same way that they do the Whites. In the incident that they do give them the opportunity to play or manage the expectations are usually higher and thus the fall is much of a problem that is a major problem. It is also evident that the coaches from the minority ethnicities do not receive the same support and reception as the Whites that makes even their work a challenge and also the teams are quick to dismiss them when a problem arises which is not the same treatment towards the other managers.

What is the aim of your study?

The aim of the study is to try and come up with the better understanding of the situation and then at the end come up with solutions to the problem and how to avoid it from recurring in the future. Soccer is a social function in the society and it is important to get down to the problems and make sure that it restores the game while making sure that they do stay ahead of the social changes that the soccer is bringing out to the society. The study seeks to depict the position of the society on the issue through proper research that will help improve the way that they do interact. It is important to get to the bottom of the issue to help reduce the uncertainties with the understanding that will help make sure that the problem does not arise again in the near future. The society is a major dependent on sports and the ethnic issues arising in the society will become a major threat to how the issue is making changes and might still become a problem to the future generation.

The study is seeking to help make sure that there are minimal consequences emanating from the issues with the minimal ethnic managers in a sport that is international without causing much problems. The research seeks to bring out the reasons as to why the managers from the ethnic communities also do not last for long in their job positions compared to the Whites. The coaches from the minor ethnicities tend to abandon or get sacked few months into their jobs which is not enough time to proof their performance in a team thus there must be some other underlying issues. The research is set to help bring out the issue to help connect with the problem as to why there are not plenty of the ethnic

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managers and how they can improve on the same in the future. Most of the managers from the less ethnic groups in Europe are enduring challenges almost similar to living in the racial discriminative era that had them become inferior in all the aspects of the community. However, it is thousands of years later but they are still tracing of the same problem which is a major influence for the research that is shaping the way that they structure the society. What are your objectives?

The objectives of the research are to try and find the underlying issues that are making it a challenge for the country to have managers from the minority ethnicities in their successful football leagues.

It is also an important goal to try and find the reasons as to why the few that get the jobs also do not stay on the jobs for long which is a major concern.

The research will also function as a way to help depict some of the deep lying social issues regarding the racial segregation in the sport that tries to bring unison and the concept of team in the community.

What are your research questions?

The research questions to support the research include

Is race a factor when it comes to hiring and recruiting managers for the league clubs?

How is the society adjusting towards the minority professional managers?

What is the underlying reason behind the blacks being the targeted community when it comes to poor performance as managers?

How will the society position itself and prepare to live with ethnic managers?

Does the issue of racial discrimination in terms of hiring coaches in European football affect the general society and the future of football in Europe?

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Proposed Research Design –

Philosophy, – Critical paradigm

Methodology, – Case study

Methods – Interviews, Focus groups, Ethnography and Questionnaires and Surveys.

Tools of analysis –thematic analysis

Context, – Online through social media platforms, hide their personal information

The BERA/ESRC (delete as appropriate) guidelines have been consulted to inform ethical practice ◻

Ethical Research Issues Checklist (Below to be completed by student)

Has the research proposal identified any of the following research procedures? (Circle/Underline):

Gathering information about human beings (and organisations) through;

Interviewing, Surveying, Questionnaires, Observation of human behaviour

Taking human tissue/fluids

Interfering in normal physiological and/or psychological processes

Using archived data in which individuals are identifiable

Researching into illegal activities

Research with children/vulnerable adults (I confirm that I have CRB clearance ◻)

If any of the above are circled/underlined, does the proposal satisfactorily identify the ways in which the following will be dealt with the following (tick boxes for “Yes”):

(Below to be completed by research supervisor)

Voluntary participation without inducement;

Procedures for providing participants with full awareness of the objectives of the research, the procedures to be followed, and the anticipated outcomes particularly in respect of publication of findings;

Proposal has met the criteria for respect for confidentiality and publication contained in Research Ethics Committee policy

Research proposal form completed appropriately

Informed consent completed appropriately

Do the procedures identified in the proposal necessitate full formal risk assessment? YES/NO

Has the risk assessment been carried out? YES/NO/NONE REQUIRED Does this assessment fall within university limits? YES/NO/NONE REQUIRED

(Below to be completed by student)

Review of literature

What is the theoretical underpinnings of your focus? You may write this section using subheadings –

Low numbers of the BAME (Black, Asia and Minority Ethnic) managers

There are only countable black managers and this is not a representation of the black players that have played and become successful in the league thus there is a major problem. Research shows that there are only a countable number of the minority community members that have managed to become managers in England. The community is appreciative of sports in general but the manager as a lead is a major crucial point for the community that has made it a major issue in the transitioning stages of the African Americans. Greenfield & Osborn explained that numerous of the football clubs do not consider the African players that have even played and been successful in their major leagues as managers instead they will simply appoint their own members (2018). The community requires to practice generalisation since there are minority communities that have been born in the country and thus should be treated and appreciated as English but not as outsiders and foreigners. It is evident that only 6 of the entire 91 Premier League and EFL managers are from the minority community which is a major problem since the society believes or want people to believe that the sport is helping bring people together. The society is lost and disappearing even further despite being a further advancement in the social issues in the society in the current advanced 21st century. There are issues that should not emanate in the society especially because people should already be open thinking and inclusive in the society that makes it a major difference. The managers from the minority communities might include Tony Collins, Sol Campbell, Ashley Cole, Nuno Espirito, Frank Soo, Paul Ince, Edwin Stein among others. The history of the BAME in the English football as managers extends further into the past century which indicates that to the present year there has been little change. The society is building up on the comfort that racism is not as profound in the open and other sectors like other European countries but they forget the concept that it is spreading through a sport that is common and holds the society together.

Higher expectations

Most of the blacks and other inferior communities tend to have the hard time because they do get the jobs at times and the society do turns on them which is a major problem. It is evident that most of the coaches from the minority communities even after successful careers are players they do end up as coaches for a shorter duration that is less than a year or 6 months (Crabbe, 2016). The move is a major issue because the society puts on so much pressure and focus on the players turned coaches expecting them to make single mistakes and they would then use it against them. The move is an indicator that the society does not place or equate the variations of the people in the society that are helping improve the way that they do interact. The society is having problems to get over the fact that there is going to be people with variations in their ethnicities and thus require the same opportunities in the country. The move is major problem because there are definite differences in the society and the people are failing to acknowledge the same.

The existing social norms in the society are promoting the existing differences that is a major problem because despite all the indifferences there are varying ethnicities and the society should embrace the same. According to Bocketti (2016), numerous of the minority coaches end up on the racism end of the fans and the general society and with the piling pressure most of them do not last a year in their position. For instance, Sol Campbell and Ashley Cole have had some impressive football over the years winning major cups and leagues but other players with not close to impressive careers end up with managing top clubs in the leading leagues in the country such as Frank Lampard and Steve Gerrard. The move indicates a major problem that is deeply rooted in the society and there are no signs of improvements despite all the social progress and improvements in the society.

Existence of racism in the society

The racial issues in the society appear to still be efficient and in play thus there is a need to make sure that there is an understanding of the issues before they do affect the

Ethical approval for research project ESSENTIAL for all research-based assignments

society. The advancement of the social issues in the world in the current century is on another level on issues such as gender and sexuality, equal rights among others but racism that was a major issue approximately a century ago is still emanating in the society. Racism is still creeping in the society where people that are advanced still manage to fall to its negative attributes (Bozeman & Fay, 2013). Football in England is the victim since there is a major extent to the sport because there are fewer managers with opportunities that can help propel a country towards their success. There are numerous changes that the society requires and it is first to try and move away from looking and judging people from their skin colour but until then the society still is tied to the progresses and the purposes of the society. There are fewer minority managers in the various leagues in the country which is a big deal because of the extensive spread of the sport. Football is a major social influence in the society since most people in the society have a social relation and connection to the footballers. Koller, Brãndle & Bachrach explained that racism is a major problem in the sport since the managers are from the majority White community and the ethnicity comes with advantages such as less pressure from the fans and the community and apparently the owners and investors in the clubs (2015). The move is a major problem because the managers from the minority communities are left out and there is no representation of their people into a sport that the society is proclaiming to be a better representation of their society.

Appendices

Please include all these forms in your appendices: Participant Information Sheet (filled in for this study) Consent Form

All relevant risk assessments Gatekeeper letter

Ethical approval for research project ESSENTIAL for all research-based assignments

Data Protection Forms Timeline for the study

Appendix